A question regarding breaking the fast a minute before the call to prayer during Ramadan.
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1 Answer
Peace be upon you.
Ayatollah Khamenei (may Allah protect him):
If one is certain that sunset has occurred during the day of Ramadan due to darkness or has been informed of sunset by a reliable source, and then breaks the fast, but it turns out that the day has not ended, they must make up the fast for that day.
If one thought night had entered due to clouds and broke the fast, but it turns out that the day has not ended, they are not required to make up the fast for that day.
Source: Message on Prayer and Fasting, Fasting, Cases of Required Makeup without Expiation, M 907 + 908
Ayatollah Sistani (may Allah protect him):
If one doubts whether night has entered, it is not permissible for them to break the fast. If they do so, they have sinned and must make up the fast and perform expiation, unless it becomes clear that night had indeed entered. The same ruling applies if there is evidence against the entry of night and they break the fast. However, if there is evidence for the entry of night or they are certain that it has entered and they break the fast, there is no sin or expiation required, but they must make up the fast if it becomes clear that night had not entered.
Breaking the fast before nightfall under the belief that it has entered requires making up the fast, even if this belief was due to clouds in the sky, and it is more cautious to also require expiation if they were not certain that night had entered.
Source: Minhaj al-Salihin, Vol. 1, Some Cases of Required Makeup without Expiation, M 1025 + 5
May you be successful in all good.