What is the ruling on delaying the ghusl for one day after purification to go to the public bath the next day due to the cold? What should be done the following day?
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1 Answer
Peace be upon you and God's mercy and blessings.
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Sistani (may God protect him):
In cases where using water is difficult and burdensome due to extreme cold, one must resort to tayammum and it is not permissible to wait until the next day. If you delay and remain in a state of ritual impurity due to menstruation, your fast will be invalidated and you must make up the prayers. However, there is no expiation required, and the obligation of expiation does not differ between one who acts intentionally and one who is ignorant. Since you performed ghusl the next day, you have no obligations for the upcoming days.
Source: Official Website + Minhaj al-Salihin, Vol. 1, Invalidators, Nos. 996 + 998 + Expiation of Fasting + Other Rulings on Tayammum, No. 385
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Khamenei (may God protect him):
If using water for ghusl is harmful due to extreme cold, then tayammum is necessary, and one cannot remain in a state of ritual impurity without tayammum or ghusl. Therefore, not performing tayammum invalidates your fast and you must make up the prayers.
As for expiation, intentionally breaking the fast during the day in Ramadan without a valid excuse is not only invalidating the fast but also requires expiation, regardless of whether one knows about the obligation of expiation or not.
If one breaks the fast due to ignorance of the ruling, such as being unaware that taking medicine is like consuming food and invalidates the fast, then taking medicine during the day in Ramadan invalidates the fast, and one must make it up without expiation.
Source: Educational Message, Purity, Tayammum (1) + Tayammum (2), Rulings of Tayammum, No. 5 + Message on Prayer and Fasting, Fasting, Obligations of Fasting, Avoiding Invalidators of Fasting, Remaining in a State of Janabah or Menstruation until Dawn, Nos. 847 + 850 + Cases Requiring Make-up and Expiation for Intentional Acts
May you be successful in all good.