A person is unsure if they broke their fast by drinking water before the adhan, as there was an adhan nearby. They are uncertain whether they broke their fast before or after the adhan. What is the ruling according to the authority of the leader?
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1 Answer
Peace be upon you and God's mercy and blessings.
Ayatollah Khamenei (may God protect him):
- If one is certain that sunset has occurred during the day of Ramadan due to darkness or has been informed of sunset by reliable sources and breaks their fast, then if it is later confirmed that daytime continued, they must make up that day's fast.
- If one suspects that night has entered due to clouds and breaks their fast, but it is later confirmed that daytime continued, they are not required to make up that day's fast.
However, since you are not certain that your breaking of the fast was before sunset, there is nothing required of you.
Source: Message on Prayer and Fasting, Fasting, Cases Requiring Makeup Without Expiation, M 907 + 908
Ayatollah Sistani (may God protect him):
If one doubts the entry of night, it is not permissible for them to break their fast. If they do, they have sinned and must make up the fast and perform expiation, unless it is confirmed that night has entered. The same ruling applies if there is evidence that night has not entered and they break their fast. However, if there is evidence that night has entered or they are certain it has entered and they break their fast, there is no sin or expiation, but they must make up the fast if it is confirmed that night has not entered. Since it has not been confirmed to you that daytime continued, there is nothing required of you.
Breaking the fast before nightfall under the belief that it has entered necessitates making up the fast, even if this belief arises from clouds in the sky, as a precaution. It is also a precaution that expiation is required if one was not certain that night had entered.
Source: Minhaj al-Salihin, Vol. 1, Some Cases Requiring Makeup Without Expiation, M 1025 + 5th
May you be successful in all good.