Is it necessary to pronounce the intention for ablution out loud or can it be silent?
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1 Answer
Peace be upon you and God's mercy and blessings.
Ayatollah Khamenei and Ayatollah Sistani (may God protect them):
It is not required for you to pronounce the intention, neither loudly nor softly. The intention in acts of worship generally means to have the intention to perform the act as an act of devotion to God Almighty.
In other words, you should know that you are performing the Fajr prayer, for example, or that you are making ablution for prayer, and you do this as an act of devotion to God Almighty. If you were asked what you are doing, you would answer that you are praying the Fajr prayer or making ablution. There is no requirement to say anything either in your heart or on your tongue.
Thus, simply standing up to perform the ablution and your determination to do so with the intention of drawing closer to God is what is meant by intention.
May you be successful in all good.
Source:
Ayatollah Khamenei (may God protect him): Educational Message - Ablution (2) - Conditions of Ablution.
Ayatollah Sistani (may God protect him): Minhaj al-Salihin, Vol. 1, Conditions of Ablution, Intention