What is the ruling on the prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage of a woman who leaves her husband's house without his permission? Is the husband obligated to provide for her?
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1 Answer
Peace be upon you.
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (may Allah protect him):
A wife is not permitted to leave her husband's house without his permission, regardless of whether her departure contradicts his right to enjoyment or not. The husband cannot prevent her from leaving to fulfill a necessary obligation or for a necessity that can only be resolved by her leaving. Regarding financial support, if she travels without his permission for an obligation like pilgrimage, or even for a recommended or permissible act, her financial support is forfeited. The same applies if she leaves his house without his permission, even if it is not for travel, as this constitutes disobedience that nullifies her entitlement to support.
In any case, even if her leaving the house is prohibited, it does not affect the validity of her prayer and fasting. As for obligatory pilgrimage, he cannot prevent her from it, and thus her pilgrimage is valid.
Source: Fiqh of the Guardian: Rights of the Wife and Husband in Islam + Tahrir al-Wasilah - Marriage - Wife's Maintenance - Articles 2 & 5 + Message on Prayer and Fasting - Prayer - Nullifiers of Prayer + Fasting + Obligations of Fasting - Avoiding Nullifiers of Fasting
Ayatollah Ali Sistani (may Allah protect him):
She is not allowed to leave without her husband's permission; he can prevent her from leaving altogether unless it is to fulfill an obligation or contradicts customary marital relations. As for maintenance, unless she refuses to allow him access and only leaves his house without his permission, it is more cautious to say that her maintenance does not fall due to that.
In any case, even if her leaving the house is prohibited, it does not affect the validity of her prayer and fasting. As for obligatory pilgrimage, he cannot prevent her from it, and thus her pilgrimage is valid.
Source: Official website: 1, 2 + Minhaj al-Salihin - Vol. 3 - Rulings on Disobedience and Dispute - Article 351 + Vol. 1 - Nullifiers of Prayer + Nullifiers of Fasting
May you be successful in all good.