What is the reality of Al-Badaa with a Quranic evidence for it?
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Peace be upon you and God's mercy and blessings.
Al-Badaa, as defined by scholars of theology, is the manifestation (or appearance) after concealment.
It refers to a change of opinion in a person for some reason, which could be due to error or changing circumstances.
The Imami Shia believe that Allah, the Exalted, may appear to change what has been decreed as non-inevitable for reasons, but nothing can appear to Him after being hidden; this is impossible for Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, to be characterized by. Al-Badaa means that He may have decreed something, then changed it, as happened with the people of Yunus: (Except for the people of Yunus; when they believed, We removed from them the punishment of disgrace in this worldly life and gave them enjoyment for a time) [Yunus: 98]. The people of Yunus were to be disgraced, but they believed, and their belief was the reason for the removal of the disgraceful punishment. This is a practical Quranic evidence for Al-Badaa.
The well-known evidence is His saying: (Allah erases what He wills and affirms, and with Him is the Mother of the Book) [Ar-Ra'd: 39]. Allah erases from the Book what He wills and affirms what He wills, and with Him is the Mother of the Book. Scholars say that there are two tablets: the Tablet of Erasure and Affirmation, where changes (Al-Badaa) occur, and the Preserved Tablet which is never subject to change at all. It is recommended to refer to this verse in the interpretations of the Imami Shia, especially the interpretation of Al-Mizan by Allama Tabatabai, for further clarification.
And all praise is due to Allah, first and last.