Peace be upon you. How can one determine if the crescent moon of Shawwal is from the first night or the second night just by seeing it with the naked eye?
[AR_ID:2494]
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1 Answer
Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Khamenei (may Allah protect him):
The mere smallness or low position, or largeness or high position, or increase or decrease in width, etc., is not a legal proof that the crescent is from the first or second night. However, if the person is certain about it, they must act according to their knowledge in this matter.
Source: Message on Prayer and Fasting,Issue 964.
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Sistani (may Allah protect him):
The crescent is established by knowledge obtained from sighting or continuous reports or other means, and by certainty obtained from common knowledge or other rational sources. Additionally, if thirty days pass from the crescent of Sha'ban, the crescent of Ramadan is established, or thirty days from the crescent of Ramadan establishes the crescent of Shawwal. It can also be established by the testimony of two just witnesses, but not by the testimony of women, nor by the testimony of one just witness even with an oath, nor by the claims of astrologers, nor by its disappearance after twilight to indicate it belongs to the previous night, nor by the testimony of two just witnesses if they did not witness the sighting, nor by seeing it before noon to indicate that the day of sighting belongs to the following month, nor by the crescent's encirclement to indicate it belongs to the previous night.
Source: Minhaj al-Salihin, Vol. 1,Book of Fasting » Chapter Nine: Establishing the Crescent.
May you be successful in all good.